Ship and ship&#39;s hatch.



J. R. OLDHAM. SHIP AND SHIP'S HATCH. APPLIGATION FILED 111L215, 1909.

Patented Apr. 26, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

INVENTOR Fi J.

WITNESSES:

J. R. OLDHAM.

SHIP AND SHIPS HATCH. APILIGATION FILED ulmze, 1909.

956,1 52. Patented pr- 26, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES:

UNITED sTA'rEs PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH R. OLDHAM, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

Specification of Lettrz Patent.

Patented Apr. 2 0, 1910.

Application filed. January 26. 1909. Serial No. 4741315.

T 0 all whom it may concern: Be it known that l, .losnrn R. ()Loiuw, acitizen of the United States. residing at ('leVeland, in the count) ofCuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented new and use ful Improvementsin Ships and Ships Hatches, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to iinprove'nuints in the construction of steelvessels designed chiefly for carrying loose ore or other bulk cargoes,and has for its objectthe construction of a. stronger and more etiicientvessel than has hithertobeen built, ha\"ing what I denominate gyrat'oryor slidable hatches which open and close hatchways about as large as arenow commonly constructed, but with fewer hatch'units, which shall beclear of the decks when loading or discharging cargo and stow. away inwater-tight wing compartments, or chambers, below decks, forming astrong and unencumbered cargo hold while screening and protecting saidhatches from injury by cargo in the holds or on deck, or by thegrab-buckets, or other cargo handling 1nechan1sms. In this novelconstruction the vessel has a concave inner skin, when considered fromthe main hold or center of the hull, forming hatch-chambers, with curvedframes extending down to'the upper bottom to which they are stronglyriveted an]? made water-tight to prevent leakage fr n the hatchways intothe main cargo holds. The upper extension of this inner skin'merges intoinwardly pro jectingcells, which I denominate rack-alleys,

as they are devised to accommodate the racks, shaftlng, and gearlng foroperating the hatches and form a base for the attach ment of shorthatchway girders below decks. This system. of wing chambers makes astrong hull without their being anydirect connection between the innerand outer skins for the full length and breadth of the individualhatches, to permit. of their free movement from about the level ofbilges to the slotted decks and nearly from end to end of the holds. Iattain these objects by the structural device and mechanism illustratedin thenccompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a profile of a saltwater vessel arranged with a number of single-hatches. Fig. 2 is a'planview of same. Fig. 3 is a transi'erse section with hatches. open. Fig. 4is a fragmentarytleck plan showing slots in deck and transversecoami'ngs before the tion showing widely spaced hatches. Fig. 101s atragmentary plan View of same. Fig.

1.1 is a partial vertical longitudinal section 12 is a plan view ofsame. Fig. 13 is a sec tion through transverse coamings showing twohatches in the gutter waterway or channel. F-ig. 14 is a planof same.Fig. 15 shows a small hatch passing through a protective deck.

Similar letters referto similar parts throughout the several views.

deck A, hatches B, transverse coamings C, longitudinal coamings 0, slotsin the deck D, inner coaming'sd, gutter E.

Fshows my device on the upper margins of double hatches for makingautomatic alter-tight joints; These are so formed that-when the endscome, together the projection of one will rise over the cavity of theother, which cavity may be fitted with a 'ater-tight joint. Thesecorrugations are formed of such an angle that they will slide apart by aslight pull on therack or wire cable. The projection andcavity will beflattened at the sides to correspond with the downwardly dependingflanges at the channels or gutters. These overlapping joints orcorrugations may also be formed by a steel casting riveted to theplates.

To move the hatches in or out of the wing compartments, to open andclose the hatch- 'wa vs,.I fix a rack G, circumferentially on the innerside of the hat hways, or two racks for a large or heavy hatch. 'Theracks strengthen the hatches and near to their ends bars or pieces ofwood 9, are fitted longitudinally, forming a flush surface to graintight connection with a portable hatch bar of partially wedge shapedsection, which is placed between the outside of the hatch and thelongitudinally extending coamings, thus making tight joints on bothsides of the hatches. Vorking onto these *acks are through transversehatch coamings. Fig.

rubber hose or'gasket to insure a perfectly.

bear against the inner coamings and make a.

In this novel construction the vessel has a pinions Near to the deck andwithin the projections of the innen skin -these are kyed onto a shaftwhich extends longitudinally through the rack alleys K, from'end to endof the series of hatches, which move on rollers J. These shafts mayextend from the forecastle to the after end by using flexible couplings,or universal joints, and they may be revolved by large engines in theengine and boiler space, or at the bow or stern, but by preference, theywill be actuated by electric motors or hydraulic eni cries of the (leecoamings. Coaming brackets L are fitte to connect with the transversegirders M. The deep coamings diminish to a point at the inside of theslots in the deck, but the girders beneath the deck are fitted betweenpairs of coamings, when these are widely spaced, to transmit the centralstrength of .the coamings beyond the slots,

by being strongly connected to the inwardly projectlng cells in the uper part of the chambers, and longitudina bracket lates extend in eitherdirection from the girders below deck to the deep coamingsand areriveted through the deck to their vertical brackets or knee plates.

The space between the inner skin N and the outer skin 0 is. dividedlongitudinally into many hatch chambers by bulkheads or partitions. Whenthe hatches are widely spaced, say twenty-four feet centers, or when thebatches are single or in one length circumferentially, there will becompartments suitable for holdin pairs of hatch-chambers. hen thehatches are very small, two or more hatches maybe inclose in onechamber. The main hold is designated P. As there is no direct connectionbetween the outer and inner skins within the hatch chambers, between thedeck beams and the upper bottom, the inner skin will be' of extrastrength and supported by strong web frames Q mounted with rollers.

curved to correspond with and to serve as bearers for the curvedhatches.

To screen the hatchchambers and strengthenthe deck along the slots,inclined coammgs are fitted longitudinally. These are connected to thetransverse coamings. and on top of the inner Sltlll and inside of theslots, strong inner coamings, beveled to the angle of the hatches, arefitted to make a tight oint .on the under side of batches and tostrengthen the slotted decks.

In vessels which may be unloaded by cargo between numbering over threehundred'and seventy pieces 'in each vessel. lVhen these are opened theylargely encumber the decks and are in danger 0 being injured. Bymyinvention, the hull is so constructed that thehatches. for a largesteamer will number only about thirtysix when widely spaced and aboutseventy when closely spaced, while such mechanism as the Huletthydraulic or in a small foreign ore carrier, with hatches made in onepiece to each hatchway, ordivision, the number will seldom exceed ten ora dozen in one vessel. These hatches, whether single or twin, are ofconcave form when viewed from the main holes, and can be easily openedandcloscd by the novel mechanism devised by me. They will be water tightwithout tarpaulins and will not be exposed to injury when the hatchwaysare open. I 'By this device the decks will not be encumbered withhatches durin loading or" unloading of ca1:go','and any leakage over thehatchways, due to straining, Wlll flow into .the hatch chambers orbilges and not injure car 0 in the holds.

In smal vessels, or when the hatches are closely spaced,'witli onlytransverse coamings between them, transverse girder connections belowdecks, between the projections of the inner skins, may be omitted, as

the transverse coamings will then be bracketed to the rack alleys. Withthese small hatches, alternate transverse coamings, may be portable. Incargo vessels havin hatchways of great length in a fore'and a tdirection, and comparatively narrow .tltl1\Vt1I'tships, say notexceeding half'the breadth,

of, the hull. each batch will generally be from about nine, feet toabout twelve feet ,in length fore andaft, and will be made in one piececireumferentially, adjoining hatches being operated from o pxosite sidesof the hull, thus forming hate in the deck adjoining-each other. VVIththis arrangement, as with Widely spacedhatches,

chambers undr slotted decks and chambers without slots and inner skinsdirectly and strongly connected, as necessary, from the bottom to thedeck. There being no aperture in the deck over these alternatecompartments, knee, or bracket plates are fitted to transmit theaugmented rigidity over the hatch chainv It will be economical toarrange the hatch slots and inner margins of rack alleys in straight,parallel lines fore and aft, but the lower part of the inner skin maytaper toward the ends of the vessel to coincide with the upper bottomwhich generally conforms to the shape of the hull.

--The hatches will be made of steel or other suitable metal, such asaluminum, and their area and thickness may vary greatly. For a modernGreat Lakes vessel the hatches will preferably be in pairs transversely,and

the decks at the sides of the hatchways; longit-udinal slotsin. the decknear said sides,

' inwardly inclined longitudinal coaniings at the sides of said slots,hatch chambers at the sides of the holds communicating with said slots,curved metal hatches adapted to slide or ride on rollers along saidtransverse coamings and through said slots into said hatch chambers, andportable hatch bars adapted to be fitted between said inclined coamingsand the outside of the curved hatches to prevent water leaking into thehatch chambers, in which said hatches are housed when moved off thetransverse coa'inings which support them, all substantially as setforth.

2. A steel ship having longitudinally straight and transversely curvedmetal hatches with downwardly depending flanges' curved transversecoamings on which sai hatches are adapted to,be seated, girders andlongitudinal brackets or knee plates beneath curved frame membersmounted with rollers forming a. regular curved path for the hatchesbelow the rack-alleys, which projectinwardly from the upper part of'theinner sk'in,so that the ,hatches can readily be lowered into saidchambers, exten fore-and aft on either side of the holds, to open thehatchways, Without encumbering either the decksjor main holds, and beraised again by-suitable mechanism onto said transverse 'coaming's towhich they are secured and made watert-ight by gaskets and hatchspecified.

bars, substantially as and for the purpose.

' Jain a steel vessel with holds and hatchways suit-able for bulkcargoes, the combine rollers on said frame members, slots in thesupporting said coamings,

ding

curved hatches adapted to be seated on the coamings, frame members belowthe deck curved in continuation with the curvature of the coamings, aninnerskin on said frame members forming hatch chambers between the innerskin and the side of the vessel,

deck .for the reception of the hatches, rack alleys projecting inwardlyfrom the upper part of the inner skin, shafting and gearing in saidalleys, connected to the hatches, for moving them through the slotteddecks to open and close hatchways, all substantially,

as set forth.

4C. In ship construction the combination of inclined longitudinalcoainnigs andgroovcd 'tion of curved transverse coainiiigs with H curvedtransverse coamings, curved hatches adapted to be seated on saidtransverse coamings, frame members below the deck curved in continuationwith the curvature of the coainings','an inncrskin on said framemembers, hatch chambers between the outer and inner skins of the ship,rollers mounted on said frame members, slots in the deck for thereception of the hatches, rack alleys pro-- jecting inwardly from theupper-part of the inner skin, beveled inner coamii'igs, shaftingandgearing in said alleys connected to the hatches for moving them throughthe slot ted deck to open and closethe hatches which are pressed lightby portable hatch bars, bctween their outer surface and the inclinedlongitudinal coamings, all substantially as set forth.

'5. In a'bulk cargo vessel having a steel deck and large hatchways, thecombination of curved metal hatches having corrugated loi'igitudinalmargins forming automatically watertight connections near the apex ofsaid hatches, which areadaptcd to be seated on transverse coamingsfitted with ,double channels along their upper'inargins, frame memberscurved below-the rack alleys in con tinuation with the curvature of thecoam ings, an inner skin on said frame members forming hatchchambersbctwcen the inner skin and the sides of the vessel, rollersmounted 'on said frame member slots in the deck for the reception of thehatches, rack alleys projecting inwardly-from the upper part of theinner skin and connected together by transverse girders,-shaft-ing andgearing in said rack alleys connected to the hatches for moving themthrough the slot-- ted decks to open and close the hntchways by suitablemechanism all substantially as set forth. V

6. In a vessel having a protective deck, longitudinally straight andtransicrse'ly curved metal hatches as strong as said protective deck,adapted to be seated on curved transversecoamings, frame members belowthe deck carved in continuation with.,the

which said hatches are ada ted to be seated,-

girders and longitudinal rackets or knee platesbeneath the deck forsupporting said coamin frame members be ow the deck curved Illcontinuation with the curvature of the coamlngs, an inner skin on saidframe members forming hatch chambers between the innerskin and thesides" of the vessel, slots in the deck for the reception of the hatcheswhich are fitted with longitudinally extending bars for strengtheningand filling the cavity formed by the racks on the inner side of hatches,to form a flush surface (to bear against the inner coamings, which arefastened along the edges of the slots in the deck for the reception ofthe hatches, rack alleys rejecting inwardly from the upper part of theinner skin shafting and hoisting mechanism in said alleys connected tothe hatches for movin them through the slotted Correction in Letters No.956,152.

deck to open an close the hatchways by suitable mechanical power, allSubstantially as set forth. v

8. In a ship or vessel having metal frames and deck members, thecombination of curved transverse coamings with curved hatches ada ted tobe seated on said coamings, inner rame members below the decks carved incontinuation with the curvature of the transverse coamings, an innerskin on said frame members forming hatch chambers between said innerskin and sides of the ship, said skin being sup orted by knees, bracketplates and longitu inal stringers so that a clear space is left betweenthe deck and the bottom for housing the hatches, rollers mounted on saidframe members, slots in the deck for the reception of the hatches, rackalleys rejecting lnwardly from the upper part of the inner skin, forminga base for securing the transverse girders and for inclos- ,ture of thetransverse 'coamings', an inner skin on said frame members forming hatchchambers, protected by fenders,.between the inner skin and the sides ofthe vessel, said inner skin being strengthened by bulkheads,

girders and brackets, whereby a strong, un-

y suitable mechanism, al

obstructed space, between the outer and mner skins is provided to ermitof the free movcrnent of the hatches tween the coamfor -moving them'onrollers through'the slot-.

ted decks to open and close the .hatchwa s when pulled by wire ropesactuated by suitable mechanism, all substantially as set forth.

- JOSEPH R. OLDHAMI \Vitnesses:

' F. B. Evans,

J. S. MAITLAND.

It t hereb certified that in Letters Patent No. 956,152, granted April26, 1910, upon the application of Joseph of Cleveland, Ohio, for animprove ment in Ships and Ships Hatches, an error appears in the printedspecification,

requiringfcorrection as followsi Page 2, line 92, the word holes shouldread holde; and that the said Letters Patent should be rare with. thiscorrection therein, thatthe same may conform tothe record of the case inthe Patent Qflice.

Signed and sealed this, 26th dayof July, A. 'D. 1910.

I F, A. TZENNANT,

Acting Commisst'bmr of Patents.

which said hatches are ada ted to be seated,-

girders and longitudinal rackets or knee platesbeneath the deck forsupporting said coamin frame members be ow the deck curved Illcontinuation with the curvature of the coamlngs, an inner skin on saidframe members forming hatch chambers between the innerskin and thesides" of the vessel, slots in the deck for the reception of the hatcheswhich are fitted with longitudinally extending bars for strengtheningand filling the cavity formed by the racks on the inner side of hatches,to form a flush surface (to bear against the inner coamings, which arefastened along the edges of the slots in the deck for the reception ofthe hatches, rack alleys rejecting inwardly from the upper part of theinner skin shafting and hoisting mechanism in said alleys connected tothe hatches for movin them through the slotted Correction in Letters No.956,152.

deck to open an close the hatchways by suitable mechanical power, allSubstantially as set forth. v

8. In a ship or vessel having metal frames and deck members, thecombination of curved transverse coamings with curved hatches ada ted tobe seated on said coamings, inner rame members below the decks carved incontinuation with the curvature of the transverse coamings, an innerskin on said frame members forming hatch chambers between said innerskin and sides of the ship, said skin being sup orted by knees, bracketplates and longitu inal stringers so that a clear space is left betweenthe deck and the bottom for housing the hatches, rollers mounted on saidframe members, slots in the deck for the reception of the hatches, rackalleys rejecting lnwardly from the upper part of the inner skin, forminga base for securing the transverse girders and for inclos- ,ture of thetransverse 'coamings', an inner skin on said frame members forming hatchchambers, protected by fenders,.between the inner skin and the sides ofthe vessel, said inner skin being strengthened by bulkheads,

girders and brackets, whereby a strong, un-

y suitable mechanism, al

obstructed space, between the outer and mner skins is provided to ermitof the free movcrnent of the hatches tween the coamfor -moving them'onrollers through'the slot-.

ted decks to open and close the .hatchwa s when pulled by wire ropesactuated by suitable mechanism, all substantially as set forth.

- JOSEPH R. OLDHAMI \Vitnesses:

' F. B. Evans,

J. S. MAITLAND.

It t hereb certified that in Letters Patent No. 956,152, granted April26, 1910, upon the application of Joseph of Cleveland, Ohio, for animprove ment in Ships and Ships Hatches, an error appears in the printedspecification,

requiringfcorrection as followsi Page 2, line 92, the word holes shouldread holde; and that the said Letters Patent should be rare with. thiscorrection therein, thatthe same may conform tothe record of the case inthe Patent Qflice.

Signed and sealed this, 26th dayof July, A. 'D. 1910.

I F, A. TZENNANT,

Acting Commisst'bmr of Patents.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 956,152, granted April26, 1910, upon iahe application of Joseph Oidham, of Cleveland, Ohio,for an improvement in Ships and Ships Hatches, an error appears in theprinted specification, requiring correction as follows:' Page 2, iine92, ihe word holes should read holds; and that the said Letters Patent:ihould be read with this correction therein, that'ihe same may conformto the record of the ease in the Paient Ofilce.

Signed and sealed this 26th day of July, A; D. 1910.

- F, A. TENNANT,

Acting Oommissiom' of Patents.

[SEAL]

